Preface to the Second Edition v
CHANGES SINCE THE FIRST EDITION V
STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK VIII
BPMN TRAINING X
BPMN TOOLS X
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XII
Part I: What is BPMN? 1
1. BAD BPMN, GOOD BPMN 3
THE PARADOX OF BPMN 3
METHOD AND STYLE 4
THE LONG ROAD TO BPMN 2.0 5
BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING IS MORE THAN BPMN! 7
2. HOW DOES A MODEL MEAN? 9
BPMN’S HIDDEN CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 10
PROCESS LOGIC 12
ORCHESTRATION 13
BPMN LEVELS AND PROCESS MODELING CONFORMANCE SUBCLASSES 15
Part II: Method and Style – Level 1 17
3. BPMN BY EXAMPLE 19
A SIMPLE ORDER PROCESS 19
EXCEPTIONS AND END STATES 19
SWIMLANES AND ACTIVITY TYPES 20
SUBPROCESSES 21
PROCESS LEVELS AND THE HIERARCHICAL STYLE 22
PARALLEL SPLIT AND JOIN 25
COLLABORATION AND BLACK-BOX POOLS 25
START EVENTS AND THE PROCESS INSTANCE 28
THE TOP-LEVEL DIAGRAM 30
4. THE LEVEL 1 PALETTE 33
ACTIVITY 33
TASK 34
SUBPROCESS 35
CALL ACTIVITY 38
GATEWAY 39
START EVENT 42
END EVENT 44
SEQUENCE FLOW 45
MESSAGE FLOW 46
POOL 46
LANE 48
DATA OBJECT AND DATA STORE 49
DOCUMENTATION, TEXT ANNOTATION, AND GROUP 50
5. THE METHOD 53
GOALS OF THE METHOD 53
HIERARCHICAL TOP-DOWN MODELING 54
END STATE 55
STEP 1. DETERMINE PROCESS SCOPE 56
STEP 2: THE HIGH-LEVEL MAP 59
STEP 3: TOP-LEVEL PROCESS DIAGRAM 60
STEP 4: CHILD-LEVEL EXPANSION 62
STEP 5: ADD MESSAGE FLOWS 63
METHOD RECAP 67
6. BPMN STYLE 69
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE OF BPMN STYLE 69
STYLE RULES 71
OFFICIAL BPMN 2.0 RULES 82
Part III: Method and Style – Level 2 85
7. EVENTS 87
EVENT-TRIGGERED BEHAVIOR 89
TIMER EVENT 91
MESSAGE EVENT 95
ERROR EVENT 104
OTHER LEVEL 2 EVENTS 107
EVENT SUBPROCESS 111
8. ITERATION AND INSTANCE ALIGNMENT 113
LOOP ACTIVITY 113
MULTI-INSTANCE ACTIVITY 114
USING REPEATING ACTIVITIES 115
USING MULTIPLE POOLS 117
BATCH PROCESSES 119
INSTANCE ALIGNMENT 120
9. PROCESS SPLITTING AND MERGING 123
CONDITIONALLY PARALLEL FLOW 123
MERGING SEQUENCE FLOWS 125
10. TRANSACTIONS 129
ACID TRANSACTIONS 129
BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS 130
COMPENSATION THROW-CATCH 132
11. THE RULES OF BPMN 135
SOURCES OF BPMN TRUTH 135
BPMN RULES FOR LEVEL 2 PROCESS MODELING 136
STYLE RULES FOR LEVEL 2 PROCESS MODELING 139
MODEL VALIDATION 140
Part IV: BPMN Implementer’s Guide – Non-Executable BPMN 143
12. BPMN 2.0 METAMODEL AND SCHEMA 145
XSD BASICS 147
BPMN SCHEMA FUNDAMENTALS 149
13. PROCESS MODELING CONFORMANCE SUBCLASSES 153
DESCRIPTIVE SUBCLASS 154
ANALYTIC SUBCLASS 155
COMMON EXECUTABLE SUBCLASS 156
14. BPMN SERIALIZATION BASICS 157
DEFINITIONS 157
DOCUMENTATION AND EXTENSIONELEMENTS 160
COLLABORATION 160
PROCESS 162
EXAMPLE: SIMPLE PROCESS MODEL 162
EXAMPLE: SIMPLE COLLABORATION MODEL 164
EXAMPLE: SIMPLE IMPORT AND CALL ACTIVITY 165
15. SERIALIZING PROCESS ELEMENTS 167
FLOWELEMENT AND FLOWNODE 167
ACTIVITY 167
SUBPROCESS 170
GATEWAY 172
EVENT 173
SEQUENCEFLOW 176
LANESET AND LANE 178
ARTIFACTS 178
16. SERIALIZING DATA FLOW 181
NON-EXECUTABLE DATA FLOW 181
EXAMPLE: NON-EXECUTABLE DATA FLOW 183
MORE ON DATA INPUTS AND DATA OUTPUTS 185
17. THE BPMNDI GRAPHICAL MODEL 187
BPMNDI BASICS 188
PROCESS LEVELS AND PAGES 188
BPMNDIAGRAM 189
BPMNPLANE 190
BPMNSHAPE 190
BPMNEDGE 191
BPMNDI EXAMPLES 191
18. BPMN-I 199
BPMN-I PROFILE SERIALIZATION RULES 201
Part V: BPMN Implementer’s Guide – Executable BPMN 213
19. WHAT IS EXECUTABLE BPMN? 215
COMMON EXECUTABLE SUBCLASS 216
20. VARIABLES AND DATA MAPPING 219
ITEMDEFINITION 220
MESSAGE 220
IMPORTING STRUCTURE DEFINITIONS 221
EXAMPLE: DATA FLOW WITH IMPORTED ITEM DEFINITIONS 221
PROPERTIES AND INSTANCE ATTRIBUTES 223
DATA MAPPING 223
21. SERVICES, MESSAGES, AND EVENTS 229
SERVICES 229
MESSAGES 229
AUTOMATED TASKS 230
EVENTS 232
22. HUMAN TASKS 235
USERTASK 235
PERFORMER ASSIGNMENT 235
23. EXECUTABLE BPMN IN PRACTICE 239
HANDLING JAVA DATA 240
SERVICES AND SERVICE ADAPTERS 244
EXAMPLE: BONITA OPEN SOLUTION 244
24. ALIGNING EXECUTABLE DESIGN WITH BPMN METHOD AND STYLE 259
END STATE VARIABLES 259
GATEWAY CONDITIONS 260
MESSAGES 260
ERRORS 261
Index 263
About the Author 269
